Posted by on Mar 20, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing Have you ever had a professor who graded your essays or term papers on grammar and punctuation even though it wasn’t an English class? Most professors expect your essays, term papers, and research papers to demonstrate your grasp of the subject material and follow the basic rules of writing. As a result, you probably find college writing unnerving. It tends to be especially nerve-racking when a significant portion of your final grade depends on your writing skills.
Writing is virtually unavoidable if you attend an institution of higher learning. Most colleges have a writing requirement you must satisfy. Some even require that you demonstrate your writing ability in an application essay or personal statement before you’re even accepted.
With such importance of academic writing, the academic editing shares the same importance. The professors need an error free work, which makes the importance of academic editing service double. The process of editing and revising your paper is a necessary part of writing you article even it might sound scary and overwhelming. Lots of the basic aspects of revising are ingrained on us especially those who rely on writing as a necessary form of communication.
During the course of your thorough editing process, you might come across chunks of content that you may need to rewrite from scratch. This possibility can seem daunting, especially if you already put so much time and effort into writing your paper. Furthermore, during the course of researching, writing and developing it, you might have grown attached to your work. This is an entirely normal and expected reaction as writing a paper requires your logical and creative skills, and the resulting product can sometimes feel very much like a precious child or a result driven by academic paper editing service; a child that you’re proud of and want to protect
But remember that academic Editing and revising are two sides of the same coin, but they are not necessarily the same thing. Editing can refer to extensive, but generally minor, changes. It can be time-consuming, but generally when editing you are considering your essay from the point-of-view of its reader. Think like a professional academic editor. What additions/omissions can you make in order to improve the reading experience for your reader?
So when you are dividing your time for completing your project, reserve some time for editing too. That will not only make you more confident but also makes you more clear about the objective of writing.
Tags: academic, Before, Editing, Paper, Professor, yourself
Posted by on Mar 16, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing Writing a research paper is a usual academic writing for a college student. Yes, for some students it might be boring and hard to write, but if you are willing to, you can make it interesting and easygoing. You would ask me how? It is simple. Let’s divide your research paper writing into steps, and make each step interesting itself.
I think, you have already guessed that the first step would be establishing your topic. Try to pick such a research paper topic that would be fun and interesting. If you’ll do so, then you’ll be enjoying your writing time, you will finish it fast, and, what is the most important, this research paper would be interesting to read for your evaluator. Try to ask yourself such question as:”Is there any subject that I am interested in?”, “What exactly interests me in this subject?” and “What I can find out more about this special subject?” If you can’t end up with a concrete topic, it might be good for you to take peace of paper and to start writing everything you know about the subject which is interesting to you. Hopefully then you will figure out the theme. For example you are interested in US history, and the most interesting time period for you is 1930’s, then it would be logically to make a research on a Great Depression.
Next step for writing your research paper is to look up for sources. In order to make your research paper more vivid, use different sources. The information that you can find in the internet might not be the same that is in the library. Keep a list of all the sources that you use, you will need it in the bibliography. I am not sure, that your research paper reader would be interested in reading statistics; probably it won’t be appealing for him. Try to look for some interesting facts that your evaluator might not know. Give him or her some information to think about.
Take some notes while finding new info; this is going to be a next step. It would be great if you’ll use index cards. Why? Because, if your card contains the heading, main ideas and the source of an information, then you can use it for your outline, footnotes and endnotes. This will also help you to avoid plagiarism. Besides, it is just fun to do.
After that, you need to write an outline, because a custom research paper should have one. Organize your ideas and gathered information there. It would be the foundation of your future research paper. Write down the main ideas firstly, then divide them into more specific ones, and below that you can write certain facts. Don’t forget to divide everything into three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Each part should have some paragraphs.
Don’t write in haste. Think over every sentence. After you are done with each paragraph, check how it sounds. Read it aloud and try to evaluate like a tutor. If you are not satisfied, find exactly what doesn’t appeal and exclude or change it.
The final part is proofreading. Look for errors such as misspelled words, incorrect punctuation, and capitalization. For someone it might be easier to do proofreading on a paper, than on a computer screen. Print out your research paper and read it carefully. Make the final correction if any needed, and you are done. Hope you will enjoy your writing time.
Tags: academic, Paper, Research, Writing
Posted by on Mar 15, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing In the Academic Writing about Trust Walk here we will be discussing about conflict resolution
Role of Mediation, consultation and facilitation throughout conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is a range of processes aimed at alleviating or eliminating sources of conflict. The term “conflict resolution” is sometimes used interchangeably with the term dispute resolution or alternative dispute resolution. Processes of conflict resolution generally include negotiation, mediation and diplomacy. The processes of arbitration, litigation, and formal complaint processes such as ombudsman processes, are usually described with the term dispute resolution, although some refer to them as “conflict resolution.” Processes of mediation and arbitration are often referred to as alternative dispute resolution.
Mediation, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) or “appropriate dispute resolution”, aims to assist two (or more) disputants in reaching an agreement. The parties themselves determine the conditions of any settlements reached— rather than accepting something imposed by a third party. The disputes may involve (as parties) states, organizations, communities, individuals or other representatives with a vested interest in the outcome.
Mediators use appropriate techniques and/or skills to open and/or improve dialogue between disputants, aiming to help the parties reach an agreement (with concrete effects) on the disputed matter. Normally, all parties must view the mediator as impartial.
Disputants may use mediation in a variety of disputes, such as commercial, legal, diplomatic, workplace, community and family matters.
A third-party representative may contract and mediate between (say) unions and corporations. When a workers’ union goes on strike, a dispute takes place, and the corporation hires a third party to intervene in attempt to settle a contract or agreement between the union and the corporation.
Mediation is a very usual tool, adaptable to anticipate problems, grievances and difficulties between parties before the conflict may arise. This has potential applications in large and private sector organizations, particularly where they are subject to excessive change, competition and economic pressure. A key way mediation is used to prevent these conflicts is complaint handling and management. This is a conflict prevention mechanism designed to handle a complaint effectively at first contact and to minimize the possibility of it developing into a dispute. According to Charlton a person who undertakes this role is commonly known as a “dispute preventer”.
Consultation- Consultation refers to providing guidelines and finding out ways to solve a particular discrepancy. Consultation is a regulatory process by which the public’s input on matters affecting them is sought. Its main goals are in improving the efficiency, transparency[1] and public involvement in large-scale projects or laws and policies.
Facilitation- Facilitation refers to the process of designing and running a successful meeting.
Facilitation concerns itself with all the tasks needed to run a productive and impartial meeting. Facilitation serves the needs of any group who are meeting with a common purpose, whether it be making a decision, solving a problem, or simply exchanging ideas and information. It does not lead the group, nor does it try to distract or to entertain.
The roles of facilitator are as follows-
- monitors the agenda
– keep time
– manage the group process
-encourage participation from all attendees
– help participants understand different points of view
– foster solutions that incorporate diverse points of view
– manage participant behavior
– create a safe environment
– teach new thinking skills and facilitating structured thinking activities
Tags: academic, Consultation, Mediation, Writing
Posted by on Mar 14, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing MLA citation style uses a simple two-part parenthetical documentation system for citing sources: citations in the text of a paper are used to point to an alphabetical Works Cited list that appears at the end of the paper. Together these references identify and credit the sources used in the paper and allow others to access and retrieve this material. The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style is used for identifying research sources. In MLA style you briefly credit sources with parenthetical citations in the text of the paper, give the complete description of each source in your Works Cited list. The Works Cited list, or Bibliography, is a list of all the sources used in your paper, arranged alphabetically by author’s last name, or when there is no author, by the first word of the title (except A, An or The). In MLA style, references to sources are placed in the text of the paper in order to briefly identify sources for readers and enable them to locate the source of the cited information in the Works Cited list. These parenthetical references should be kept as brief and as clear as possible. Give only the information needed to identify a source. Usually the author’s last name and a page reference are all that is needed. Place the parenthetical reference as near as possible to the material being documented, and where a pause would naturally occur, preferably at the end of a sentence. Parenthetical material should complement not repeat, information that is given in your text. If you include an author’s name in a sentence, you do not need to repeat it in your parenthetical statement. The parenthetical reference should precede the punctuation mark that concludes the sentence, clause, or phrase that contains the cited material. Electronic and online sources are cited just like print resources in references cited in the text. If an online source lacks numbering, omit numbers from the parenthetical references. If a source includes fixed page numbers or section numbering, such as numbering of paragraphs (pars.), cite the relevant numbers. The following examples are based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed., by Joseph Gibaldi. This is the basic format for a Works Cited entry. Take the title from the title page, not the cover. The author’s name should be written Last Name, First Name:
One Author
Berks, Andrew. The Victory. New York: Kraft, 1993.
Editor or Compiler
If the person named on the title page is the editor or compiler, rather than the author, add a comma then the abbreviation “ed.” or “comp.”
Cerry, John, comp. Facts About Wars. New York: Winston, 1992.
If you have
Two or More Authors, then list the names in the order they appear on the title page. Only the first author’s name should be reversed: Last Name, First Name. Use a comma between the authors’ names. Place a period after the last author’s name.
Example: Ryan, Richard, and Larry Jennings. The Essential Power: Heat of the Earth.
Aldery: Delran, 2000.
In general MLA Citation Style is one of main styles that are used in literature, Internet and it’s considered to be the most practical one.
Tags: academic, Citation, Style, Writing
Posted by on Mar 13, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing Below is a custom Essay Written on Trust Walk.
Find a good location with some obstacles, but nothing dangerous. Some good locations may include the woods or a large field. Form pairs. Ask one partner to be the navigator (guide), and the other to be blindfolded. When the blindfolded partner is ready, slowly spin the person around a few times so that they do not know which direction they are headed. From this point on, the guide should not touch the partner at all, but rely solely on verbal cues (e.g. “About five steps ahead, there is a branch. Step over it slowly.”)
While a very simplistic activity, many people find it difficult to trust their partner and find they will ‘cheat’.
Because it is so simply, very few people take the time to strategize or find out exactly how far ‘X’ number of steps is for their partner. This create the scenario for a great lesson in coaching — we need to communicate with other people the way THEY hear it best, not the way WE hear it best. With several variations, you can run this activity with both pairs alone and then all the pairs together at the same time to create a completely different level of communication.
The guide is solely responsible for his or her partner’s safety. He or she should be navigated to avoid obstacles. In this way, participants learn valuable lessons related to teamwork: the guide learns about the challenge and responsibility of caring for another individual’s well being, while the blindfolded partner learns to trust and rely on another person. Ask participants to reflect and share upon their experiences.
Tags: academic, Benefits, Trust, Walk, Writing
Posted by on Mar 12, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing In this HR Assignment Trust Walk, we will discuss about Trust Walk Norms and barriers
The two group norms for trust walk are as follows are as follows-
Three potential barriers for this activity-
Strategies to overcome each of the above mentioned barriers-
Tags: academic, Barriers, Norms, Trust, Walk, Writing
Posted by on Mar 11, 2010 in
Academic & Commercial Writing Introduction
Open Access material is readily provided to help further research, assist teaching, and to aid many other academic purposes. Open Access eliminates subscriptions and fees and most copyright and licensing restrictions. This movement for open access via the internet is extremely beneficial for the future of not only academic science writing but for other research fields as well. The ability for authors to help other researchers without money in the picture will establish a more accurate approach towards researching in our society today.
Background
The Open Access Movement is the effort to make scholarly research articles free to the public online. According to Public Knowledge, “the OA movement has focused on peer-reviewed journal articles and their preprints.” This is because scholarly journals don’t pay royalties to authors and most of their research is funded by taxpayers. One method for providing open access is self-archiving. Self-archiving is when someone submits a digital document on the web design in order to provide open access to it.
Along with the open access movement comes the open source movement. The open source movement is composed of various people who feel the best way to produce sophisticated bug-free software is to bring together skilled programmers who would work for free (Cherian, 2000). The software provides a source code for the user which meets the Open Source Definition, allowing users to change and improve the software. Even though there is some cost involved with open source software, both movements are fairly similar in that they promote free material for users by conveniently making it readily for them to use or amend.
When Paul Ginsparg set up the server ArXiv to make physics preprints freely accessible, the first building block for the Open Access Movement was laid. Other co-founders were Peter Suber and Steven Harnad (www.open-access.net). It has gained momentum from three major statements since 2002: Budapest Open Access Initiative, Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing, and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (Cambridge University Library). The movement has gained many supporters since it has been around. It gives authors a larger audience while giving readers a chance to research material without having to worry about barriers or payment. Libraries support the movement because they want to help raise the school’s research profile, and with open access can better help students find the information they need. The Open Access Movement also helps funding agencies by providing public access to the results of publicly-funded research (Peter Suber, 2004). Even though Open Access allows for a larger audience for authors, the movement can strip the reuse of the published work. This can bring about a possible negative side for opposers to sit with.
Many of the initiatives for Open Access focus on taxpayer funded research. “The campaign usually recognizes exceptions for military research, patentable discovery research, and research that some authors publish in some royalty-producing form” (Suber, 2004).
Impact
According to a study mentioned in an e! Science News article, “when academic articles are “open access” or free online, they get read more often, but they don’t get cited more often in academic literature” (Cornell University, 2008). The reason suggested for this is researchers already have the information they need from other relevant articles readily accessible to them. Researchers conducted a study by making some journal articles free to users while requiring a fee for other articles. They found the free articles were downloaded and read more but weren’t cited more than the subscription based articles. According to Cornell graduate student Phillip Davis, they found that open-access publishing may reach more readers than subscription-access publishing, but there is no evidence that freely accessible articles are cited any more than subscription-access articles (Cornell University, 2008).
Peer review is the screening of a work to consider for publication. Within the topic of Open Access, publishers make various claims that Open Access threatens peer review. “If OA is forced on them they will not be able to survive financially because they will discover that there is no stable long-term business model for OA publishing” (Poynder, 2006). Stevan Harnad makes a good point saying that Open Access is the free availability of peer-reviewed research, not the availability of research free of peer review.
As mentioned earlier, the Open Access Movement can greatly affect universities, libraries, and various funding agencies. The movement reduces the school’s expense on journals and helps them extend their goal to share knowledge and other research. In dealing with libraries, Peter Suber states that the movement for Open Access solves the pricing and permission crisis. The pricing crisis means libraries have to pay sky high prices for journals, while the permission crisis deals with licensing terms prohibiting libraries from accessing electronic journals.
Possibilities
I think the Open Access Movement will greatly affect academic research. Allowing researchers to freely read academic journals will help our world’s growth in knowledge. Sharing each other’s works with certain ideas and stances will allow for additional, maybe even more significant, ideas to form. The movement will help authors get their research out to a larger number of people willing to read about their findings in order to assist their own research. With this movement does come some issues related to authorship rights. The movement will have an affect on individual authorship, priority, and especially ownership. Peter Suber talks about various ways how the movement can maneuver around these negative affects. First, Open Access doesn’t require the author to throw away all of their copyright privileges. They can use one of the Creative Commons licenses or compose their own licenses and attach them to their works (Suber, 2004). “When copyright holders consent to OA they consent in advance to the unrestricted reading, downloading, copying, sharing, storing, printing, searching, linking, and crawling of the full-text of the work” (Suber, 2004).
Conclusion
After conducting my research, I believe the Open Access Movement is a masterfully developed concept that has potential to aid students and professionals with their research and help extend their knowledge of certain sciences. Allowing for academic journals to be available online for everyone to read, disregarding any barriers that previously came with it, would be a significant improvement for our societies research profile. The movement benefits so many professions and institutions such as authors, readers, libraries, universities, and funding agencies. There have been many times when I have been denied access to scholarly articles on the internet because of subscription fees, but without these fees in the future I can develop better research from a wider range of material.
Works Cited
“Free articles get read but don’t generate more citations | Eureka! Science News.” Eureka! Science News | Latest science articles & news. 30 Mar. 2009 .
“Informationsplattform Open Access: History.” Informationsplattform Open Access: Startseite. 30 Mar. 2009 .
“Open Access – About Open Access.” Cambridge University Library. 30 Mar. 2009 .
“Open Access to Research | Public Knowledge.” Public Knowledge | Fighting for your digital rights in Washington. 30 Mar. 2009 .
“Overview of the Open-Source Movement.” School of Information – University of Texas. 30 Mar. 2009 .
Poynder, Richard. “Open Access: death knell for peer review?” Open and Shut? 30 Mar. 2009 .
Suber, Peter. “Peter Suber, Open Access Overview (definition, introduction).” Earlham College — Richmond, Indiana. 30 Mar. 2009 .
Tags: academic, Access, Future, Implications, Movement, Open, Writing
Posted by on Mar 10, 2010 in
Research Term Papers Several students discover that one of the most worrying elements of the college incident is writing a term paper. For some, an academic term paper is even more of an alien impression. The academic term paper consists of five main parts, which are:
1. Introduction
The academic term paper’s author should recognize the subject and clarify why it is significant. The introduction must be sufficiently enlightening, yet simple to follow. It should utter the difficulty as simply as feasible, taking into explanation the broader analysis of the discipline as a whole.
2. The Literature Review
A literature review is a part which narrates, classifies, appraises and quotes different authors research work which is related to your topic. It sets your work into that framework. It also produces an essential framework of study and does so with some standard of ordering the ideas. In some cases the literature review may not be a part of your academic term paper according to the guidelines of professors. Confirm with your professor for guidelines on the issue.
3. Body
The body is the all-purpose text of a term paper. In this section you provide certain evidence regarding your academic term paper theme or topic, explaining what happened. Every thing between literature review and conclusion is a body part section of the academic term paper.
4. Conclusion
The conclusion may be the most vital part of an academic term paper. The author must not purely replicate the introduction part, but give details in evidential manner about what has been learned, enlightened, determined, verified, etc. The author must disclose the ways in which the academic term papers may have significance in society.
The conclusion may place academic term papers in a better framework, serve as a call for action, set forward a caution or proposition, deliberately make problems of the problems already introduced, hoist a question or questions, introduce an applicable reference, or tell a suitable story. Again, the author should not depend on the conclusion to sum up the paragraphs. Paragraphs should run logically into one another and associations should be made among them. The conclusion should not end with a statement that could very well be the matter of another paper. The past averts attention away from one as author and philosopher; the latter averts attention from what the author is passing on in the academic term paper.
5. References and/or Bibliography
The references lists books or other works consulted in writing the academic term paper. It must be integrated even if endnotes or footnotes are used in the academic term paper. The understanding of the references and the information in each entry is indomitable by the chosen citation style i.e. MLA, APA, Harvard, Chicago/Turabian, and many others as mentioned in the guidelines provided by professors.
In the references part, all cited resources should be listed in alphabetical order. Inside the text of the academic term paper, afterthought should show readers from where the author found all of the cited information. These textual citations permit the reader to refer to the references part for any further information regarding the topic or theme of the academic research paper.
Tags: academic, Five, Paper, Parts, term
The IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 appears at first to be a strange, difficult and complicated task and it’s objectives or requirements are not easily perceived. There are, however, a few simple but necessary techniques and strategies that enable the student to achieve a very high band score with very little effort.
In the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 the student is presented with a bar chart, a line chart, a pie chart or a diagram displaying the steps in a process, such as recycling. The instructions given describe the general information, ie what the subject of the chart is, and then states: Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. For the purpose of this article we shall take an example and discuss the best method to approach this question.
The example:
The Chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment status.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
(For the purpose of this article we cannot, obviously, include the relevant bar chart, but what will become apparent is the lack of necessity for the inclusion of this chart as, once a strict guideline is followed then the details of the chart shall simply be entered at relevant points.)
As you are only required to write more than 150 words and the time recommended is 20 minutes there is actually very little room for an in-depth analysis of the chart. Here are some key things to remember:
1. You cannot include all of the information described on the chart, so select only the most important and include that.
2. Do not analyse the chart in any manner other than factual and statistical. You are writing a report for a university lecturer who simply wants to be able to read the article and visualise an outline of the chart.
3. Do not include any individual opinion or analysis of the figures present. If you could suggest why Unemployed and Retired men and women have more leisure time than those in full-time employment, don’t! This task tests only your ability to convey relevant information, not to analyse!
So, in our example, the first, and most basic thing we must do, is our introduction. There should be four small paragraphs in your answer: 1. Introduction; 2. Key information; 3. More Key Information; 4. Conclusion.
1. Introduction:
Rewrite the description given of the chart and include the descriptive details on the side and bottom of the chart. This is all that is required in your answer.
Example:
The chart given illustrates the amount of leisure time, in hours, enjoyed in a typical week by both men and women of different employment status; Employed full-time, Employed part-time, Unemployed, Retired and Housewives, between 1998 and 1999.
There is absolutely no need to write anything more creative than this.
2. Key Information and 3. More Key Information:
In the body paragraphs of your answer you will describe the key information. You will only have about 100 words to describe the chart so you must choose the most important information and focus on that. You must use words of trend-analysis such as: increase, decrease, sharp fall, steady rise etc. With every statement you make, you must include the relevant figures.
Example:
Unemployed and Retired men enjoy by far the largest amount of free time per week, averaging 85 hours per week, in sharp contrast with Employed full-time women who have the least leisure time of all groups at 35 hours per week.
4. Conclusion:
The concluding paragraph is much the same as the introductory one, but with a little less detail and a stronger sense of conclusion. It is simple and factual, not creative.
Example:
To conclude, as described above the bar chart illustrates the amount of leisure time, in hours per week, spent by men and women of different employment status. As can be clearly seen, both men and women who are unemployed and retired have far greater leisure time than those employed full-time, part-time, or housewives.
The IELTS Academic Writing Task is not exciting, nor is it very interesting or stimulating. It is highly functional, with its only purpose to test the student’s ability to convey factual information in an academic environment, as the IELTS exam tests the student’s ability to construct arguments and to analyse situations in the larger Academic Writing Task 2.
Hopefully this has helped de-mystify the confusing IELTS Academic Writing Task 1.
Good Luck!
Tags: academic, IELTS, Pass, Task, Writing
A vast number of students writing their academic papers tend to lose the knack of what their task is all about. This eventually leads to both wasted research and unusable drafts. Before putting any real work on your academic papers, you need to be clear about what you are writing, for example, be clear about what you are writing, whether it is an essay, term paper, thesis, proposal or any other assignment.
Presented are certain tips for you to prepare the best academic paper:
1. Clarity of your task Students usually find it hard to concentrate on their academic tasks due to the fact that they are not really clear as to what their task is. For this reason you need to be very clear about your academic paper before putting in any efforts. You need to know whether you are writing an essay, term paper, thesis or any other type of academic paper.
2. Split your paper clear sections What you need to do is separate the body of your term paper into sections so as to make it easier to read and understand. This would add to the entire outlook of your paper. No matter how good your paper is, it would be useless if its hard to read and comprehend.
3. Check grammar, vocabulary and punctuation Even though there is not much you can do about your writing abilities, there are things you c an do to assure that you don’t make avoidable mistakes. For this you need to make sure that your spellings are right, good vocabulary and no grammatical errors.
4. Use a referencing system While writing your academic paper you need to make sure that you follow a particular referencing system to make it easy for the reader to go through the material you have cited without any problem what so ever.
5. Cite sources Even if your paper presents strong ideas, they would go unnoticed unless you cite quality sources. For this you might want to supplement your arguments with quotes and references that lend it credibility.
6. Start and end strongly No matter what you are writing about, it must have a powerful heading and conclusion. Nothing works better than having an interesting introduction and nothing ends your paper better than a compelling closing statement. These two parts of your academic paper are what will leave the most impression on the mind of your reader.
Tags: academic, Tips, Writing